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The White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA) is an organization of journalists who cover the White House and the president of the United States. The WHCA was founded on February 25, 1914, by journalists in response to an unfounded rumor that a United States congressional committee would select which journalists could attend press conferences of President Woodrow Wilson.[4]
The WHCA operates independently of the White House. Among the more notable issues handled by the WHCA are the credentialing process, access to the president and physical conditions in the White House press briefing rooms.[5][6] Its most high-profile activity is the annual White House Correspondents' Dinner, which is traditionally attended by the president and covered by the news media.
Association leadership, 2018-2019
Parts of this article (those related to the following list, which needs to be updated for 2020) need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2020)
The current leadership of the White House Correspondents' Association includes:[5]
The WHCA's annual dinner, begun in 1921,[14] has become a Washington, D.C., tradition, and is traditionally attended by the president and vice president. Fifteen presidents have attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924.[4] The dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton.
Until 1962, the dinner was open only to men, even though WHCA's membership included women. At the urging of Helen Thomas, President John F. Kennedy refused to attend the dinner unless the ban on women was dropped.[15]
Prior to World War II, the annual dinner featured singing between courses, a homemade movie, and an hour-long, post-dinner show with big-name performers.[4] Since 1983, the featured speaker has usually been a comedian, with the dinner taking on the form of a comedy roast of the president and his administration.
The dinner also funds scholarships for gifted students in college journalism programs.[16]
Many annual dinners have been cancelled or downsized due to deaths or political crises. The dinner was cancelled in 1930 due to the death of former president William Howard Taft; in 1942, following the United States' entry into World War II; and in 1951, over what President Harry S. Truman called the "uncertainty of the world situation".[17] In 1981, Ronald Reagan did not attend because he was recuperating after the attempted assassination the previous month, but he did phone in and told a joke about the shooting.[18]
During his presidency, Donald Trump did not attend the dinners in 2017, 2018, and 2019.[19] Trump indicated that he might attend in 2019 since this dinner did not feature a comedian as the featured speaker.[20] However, on April 5, 2019, he announced that he again would not attend, calling the dinner "so boring, and so negative," instead hosting a political rally that evening in Wisconsin.[21][22] On April 22, Trump ordered a boycott of the dinner, with White House Cabinet secretaryBill McGinley, who oversees the cabinet agencies for the president, assembling the agencies' chiefs of staff to issue a directive that members of the administration not attend.[23][24] However, some members of the administration attended pre- and post- dinner parties.[25]
Dinner criticisms
The WHCD has been increasingly criticized as an example of the coziness between the White House press corps and the administration.[26][27] The dinner has typically included a skit, either live or videotaped, by the sitting U.S. president in which he mocks himself, for the amusement of the press corps.[26] The press corps, in turn, hobnobs with administration officials, even those who are unpopular and are not regularly cooperative with the press.[26] Increasing scrutiny by bloggers has contributed to added public focus on this friendliness.[26]
After the 2007 dinner, New York Times columnist Frank Rich implied that the Times would no longer participate in the dinners.[28] Rich wrote that the dinner had become "a crystallization of the press's failures in the post-9/11 era" because it "illustrates how easily a propaganda-driven White House can enlist the Washington news media in its shows".[28]
Other criticism has focused on the amount of money actually raised for scholarships, which has decreased over the past few years.[16]
The dinners have drawn increasing public attention, and the guest list grows "more Hollywood".[6] The attention given to the guest list and entertainers often overshadows the intended purpose of the dinner, which is to "acknowledge award-winners, present scholarships, and give the press and the president an evening of friendly appreciation".[6] This has led to an atmosphere of coming to the event only to "see and be seen".[6] This usually takes place at pre-dinner receptions and post-dinner parties hosted by various media organizations, which are often a bigger draw and can be more exclusive than the dinners themselves.[29][30][31]
The public airings of the controversies around the dinner from the mid-2000s onward gradually focused concern about the nature of the event.[32] While interest in the event from entertainers, journalists, and political figures was high during the Obama administration, by the period of the Trump administration, interest gradually slowed in attending, especially for Hollywood figures who did not want to be caught on-camera during a potential viral moment gone bad or to spend extended amounts of time with Trump administration officials.[32] Business related to the weekend event slowed considerably, including at hotels, high-end restaurants, salons, caterers, and limo companies.[32]
During the Trump administration, some media companies stopped hosting parties, while other of the roughly 25 events held during the three-day period gained more prominence as signs of social status.[32]
By 2019, the dinner and associated parties had returned somewhat to their previous nature as networking and media functions, with packed houses of media industry employees and Washington political figures.[25]
When President Ford rose to speak, he pretended to fumble, and began his speech with "Good evening. I'm Gerald Ford and you're not"--a reference to Chase's catchphrase from Saturday Night Lives Weekend Update.[45]
President Bill Clinton also mocked himself in the short film President Clinton: The Final Days, which depicted him as a lonely man closing down a nearly deserted White House, riding a bicycle, and learning about the Internet with the help of actor Mike Maronna.
Colbert performed while being in character of his television satire of a right-wing cable television pundit.[71] Colbert also screened a video featuring Helen Thomas. Several of President Bush's aides and supporters walked out during Colbert's speech, and one former aide said that the President had "that look that he's ready to blow".[72]Steve Bridges also performed a Bush impersonation.[73]
Like his Late Late Show monologues, Ferguson appeared to go off script and started improvising new jokes. It was noted that President Bush had difficulty understanding Ferguson's Scottish accent.[76]
Leno hosted for the fourth time, more than any other individual in the dinner's history.[79] Leno had been chosen several weeks before his controversial Tonight Show conflict,[80] and his use of recycled jokes was noted by critics.[81]
President Obama and Meyers also mocked then-Celebrity Apprentice host Donald Trump's role as the face of the birther movement. Trump would go on to be elected President of the United States five years later in the 2016 United States presidential election. Journalists that were present at the dinner say that being mocked by President Obama and Meyers led him to decide to run for President of the United States, but Trump would later deny this, saying that he had been considering a run for the Presidency for many years prior to the dinner.[85]
Keegan-Michael Key made a guest appearance as President Obama's "anger translator",[96] Luther, a recurring character from the Comedy Central show Key & Peele.[97]
Wilmore delivered a controversial, searing routine targeting the president, elite media, lobbyists, politicians, and celebrities. At the end of the speech, Wilmore ended his set by thanking President Obama for having been the country's first black President and finished his speech by calling him "my nigga" on live television. This remark sparked controversy among the media, with some calling it disrespectful.[100]
President Trump did not attend the dinner for the second consecutive year.[108] Instead, he sent his press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders.[109]
Wolf received both praise and criticism for her monologue. The association released a rare statement regarding the monologue.[110][111][112] After the dinner, newspaper The Hill informed the WHCA that it would no longer participate in the event, saying, "In short, there's simply no reason for us to participate in something that casts our profession in a poor light. Major changes are needed to the annual event."[113][114]
The WHCA chose historian Ron Chernow as the featured speaker instead of a comedian.[115] President Trump did not attend the dinner for the third consecutive year.[117] Additionally, Trump ordered some of his staff and administration members to boycott the dinner.[118]
2020
N/A
The dinner was originally scheduled for April 25, 2020, with comedian Kenan Thompson hosting and political entertainer and former WHCD host Hasan Minhaj as the featured entertainment.[119][120] On March 22 the dinner was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, without naming a substitute date.[121] On April 13 a new date of August 29 was announced.[122]
On June 23 WHCA President Jonathan Karl announced that the dinner itself would be canceled, but that the WHCA was working on a virtual presentation format to honor award winners and scholarship recipients.[123][119] On August 14 Hasan Minhaj spoke privately via Zoom with the WHCA 2020 scholarship recipients, who also attended a private online panel discussion by three veteran Washington political reporters that day.[124][125]
Gallery
President Gerald Ford (left) with White House Correspondent Helen Thomas at the 1975 Dinner.
^At the start of his 2007 dinner speech, Little stated that he had previously hosted in 1984, but "had to wait until everybody died" before he was invited back.
^
"Impressionist Jim Morris began his Bush bit in silence - just moving his head, sort of stammering, trying to get some words out. The president [Bush], watching Morris do his inarticulate-thing, started laughing hard, and finally held his big white dinner napkin over his face." The Washington Post - also Coverage By the Seattle Post-Intelligencers Joel Connelly http://www.seattlepi.com/archives/1989/8901120012.asp
^"The comic genius brought in to entertain at the association's 77th annual black-tie dinner by Sheridan Broadcasting Company's Robert Ellison, the first and only Black president of the elite organization, brought down the house with hilarious quips and jokes about Bush's less than impressive fishing skills." Jet Magazine, May 20, 1991.