Voiced Dental Affricate
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Voiced Dental Affricate
The voiced dental non-sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d?ð⟩, ⟨d?ð⟩, ⟨dð⟩ and ⟨dð⟩.
The sound is a frequent allophone of .
Features
Features of the voiced dental non-sibilant affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal. Note that most stops and liquids described as dental are actually denti-alveolar.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burmese[1] | ?? | [àdðá] | 'grand' | Common realization of .[1] | |
| English | Dublin[2] | they | [dðe] | 'they' | Corresponds to in other dialects; may be instead.[2] |
| New York[3] | Corresponds to in other dialects, may be a stop or a fricative instead.[3] | ||||
| Maori[4] | [dðæe?] | Possible realization of .[4] See New Zealand English phonology | |||
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Watkins (2001), p. 292.
- ^ a b Collins & Mees (2003), p. 302.
- ^ a b Labov (1966), pp. 36-37.
- ^ a b Warren & Bauer (2004), p. 618.
References
- Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004103406
- Labov, William (1966), The Social Stratification of English in New York City (PDF) (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-24, retrieved
- Warren, Paul; Bauer, Laurie (2004), "Maori English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 614-624, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
- Watkins, Justin W. (2001), "Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 291-295, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122
External links
- List of languages with [d?ð] on PHOIBLE
This article uses material from the Wikipedia page available here. It is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
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