Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate | |
---|---|
d? | |
IPA Number | 216 |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | ʥ |
Unicode (hex) | U+02A5 |
X-SAMPA | d_z\ |
Audio sample | |
The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨⟩ and ⟨⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_z\
and J\_z\
, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨?⟩ (J\
in X-SAMPA) is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨d?⟩ or ⟨⟩ in the IPA and dz\
or J\z\
in X-SAMPA.
Neither [d] nor [?] are a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as [d] (retracted and palatalized ), [] or [] (both symbols denote an advanced ). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are d_-'
or d_-_j
and J\_+
, respectively. There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨?⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include [d], [], [] and [].
This affricate used to have a dedicated symbol ⟨?⟩, which was one of the six dedicated symbols for affricates in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the sibilant equivalent of voiced palatal affricate.
Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bengali | ? | [dk?on] | 'when' | See Bengali phonology | |
Catalan[1] | All dialects | metge | ['medd] | 'doctor' | See Catalan phonology |
Valencian | joc | ['dk] | 'game' | ||
Chinese | Southern Min | ? / ji?t | [dit] | 'sun' | |
Wu | ? | [dy] | 'he/she/it' | ||
Irish | Some dialects[2][3][4] | Dia | [di?] | 'god' | Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop /d?/ in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady.[2][3][4] See Irish phonology |
Japanese | / chijin | [tid?] | 'acquaintance' | See Japanese phonology | |
Korean | / pyeonji | [p?j?:ndi] | 'letter' | See Korean phonology | |
Polish[5] | d?wi?k | 'sound' | See Polish phonology | ||
Romanian | Banat dialect[6] | des | [des] | 'frequent' | Allophone of /d/ before front vowels. Corresponds to in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology |
Russian | ['d?o?d b?] | 'daughter would' | Allophone of /t/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology | ||
Sema[7] | aji | [à?dì] | 'blood' | Possible allophone of /?/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [? ~ ? ~ d] instead.[7] | |
Serbo-Croatian[8][9] | ? / ?avo | [dâo?:] | 'devil' | Merges with /d/ in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Uzbek[10] | [example needed] | ||||
Xumi | Lower[11] | [Hd?] | 'water' | ||
Upper[12] | [Hd] | ||||
Yi | ? / jji | [di?] | 'bee' |