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United Left Izquierda Unida | |
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General Coordinator | Alberto Garzón |
Founded | April 1986 (as coalition) 2 November 1992 (as party federation) |
Youth wing | Área de Juventud de Izquierda Unida |
LGBT wing | ALEAS |
Membership (2019) | ![]() |
Ideology | Democratic socialism Spanish federalism Communism[2] Eco-socialism[3] Republicanism[4] Secularism Anti-fascism Anti-imperialism |
Political position | Left-wing to far-left[5][6] |
National affiliation | Unidas Podemos |
European affiliation | Party of the European Left |
European Parliament group | European United Left-Nordic Green Left |
Colours | Red |
Congress of Deputies | |
Spanish Senate | |
European Parliament | |
Regional Parliaments | |
Local Government (2015) | |
Website | |
www.izquierda-unida.es | |
United Left (Spanish: Izquierda Unida [i?'kje?ða u'niða], IU) is a political coalition that was organized in 1986, bringing together several left-wing political organizations.[8]
IU was founded as an electoral coalition of seven parties, but the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) is the only remaining integrated member of the IU at the national level.[8] Despite that, IU brings together other regional parties, political organizations, and independents.[8] It currently takes the form of a permanent federation of parties.
IU is currently part of the Unidas Podemos coalition and the corresponding parliamentary group in the Congreso de los Diputados. Since January 2020, it participates for the first time in a national coalition government with one minister.
Following the electoral failure of the PCE in the 1982 (from 10% to 4%), PCE leaders believed that the PCE alone could no longer effectively challenge the electoral hegemony of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) on the left.[8] With this premise, the PCE began developing closer relations with other left-wing groups, with the vision of forming a broad left coalition.[8] IU slowly improved its results, reaching 9% in 1989 (1,800,000 votes) and nearly 11% in 1996 (2,600,000 votes). The founding organizations were: Communist Party of Spain, Progressive Federation, Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain, PASOC, Carlist Party, Humanist Party, Unitarian Candidacy of Workers, and Republican Left.
In contrast to the PCE prior to the formation of IU, which pursued a more moderate political course, the new IU adopted a more radical strategy and ideology of confrontation against the PSOE.[9][8] IU generally opposed cooperating with the PSOE, and identified it as a "right-wing party", no different from the People's Party (PP).[9][8]
After achieving poor results in the 1999 local and European elections, IU decided to adopt a more conciliatory attitude towards the PSOE, and agreed to sign an electoral pact with the PSOE for the upcoming general election in 2000.[8] They also adopted a universal policy in favor of cooperating with the PSOE at local level.[8]
Following the election of Cayo Lara as leader in 2008, however, the party has shifted back towards a more confrontational attitude towards the PSOE.[]
IU currently has around 70,000 members.[10]
Party | |
---|---|
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) | |
Communist Youth Union of Spain (UJCE) | |
Open Left (IAb) | |
Republican Left (IR) | |
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | |
Ecosocialists of the Region of Murcia (ESRM) |
Name | Period | Notes |
---|---|---|
Gerardo Iglesias | 1986 | |
Julio Anguita | 1986-1999 | |
Francisco Frutos | 1999-2001 | |
Gaspar Llamazares | 2001-2008 | |
Cayo Lara | 2008-2014 | |
Alberto Garzón | 2014-present |
Cortes Generales | |||||||||
Election | Leading candidate | Congress | Senate | Gov. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | # | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | |||
1986 | Gerardo Iglesias | 935,504 | 4.6 | 5th | ![]() |
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No | ||
1989 | Julio Anguita | 1,858,588 | 9.1 | 3rd | ![]() |
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No | ||
1993 | 2,253,722 | 9.6 | 3rd | ![]() |
![]() |
No | |||
1996 | 2,639,774 | 10.5 | 3rd | ![]() |
![]() |
No | |||
2000 | Francisco Frutos | 1,263,043 | 5.4 | 3rd | ![]() |
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No | ||
2004 | Gaspar Llamazares | 1,284,081 | 5.0 | 3rd | ![]() |
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Support | ||
2008 | 969,946 | 3.8 | 3rd | ![]() |
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No | |||
2011 | Cayo Lara | with Plural Left | ![]() |
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No | ||||
2015 | Alberto Garzón | with Popular Unity | ![]() |
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New election | ||||
2016 | with Unidos Podemos | ![]() |
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No (2016-18) | |||||
Support (2018-19) | |||||||||
Apr-2019 | with Unidas Podemos | ![]() |
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New election | |||||
Nov-2019 | with Unidas Podemos | ![]() |
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Yes |
European Parliament | ||||||
Election | Leading candidate | Votes | % | # | Seats | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1987 | Fernando Pérez Royo | 1,011,830 | 5.3 | 4th | -- | |
1989 | 961,742 | 6.1 | 4th | ![]() | ||
1994 | Alonso Puerta | 2,497,671 | 13.4 | 3rd | ![]() | |
1999 | 1,221,566 | 5.8 | 3rd | ![]() | ||
2004 | Willy Meyer | 643,136 | 4.1 | 4th | ![]() | |
2009 | with The Left | ![]() | ||||
2014 | with Plural Left | ![]() | ||||
2019 | Sira Rego | with UPCE | ![]() |