Template:Cite Journal Resource | Learn About, Share and Discuss Template:Cite Journal At Popflock.com

Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	; Wrapper templates
	v; t; ;

Template documentation

This template is used on approximately 879,000 pages, or roughly 2% of all pages.
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.

This template uses Lua:

Module:Citation/CS1 (sandbox)

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for academic and scientific papers published in bona fide journals. For articles in magazines and newsletters, use {{cite magazine}}. For academic and scientific papers not published in bona fide journals, please use one of the templates listed on this page in the "Citation Style 1 templates" box. If you have a digital object identifier (DOI) for the journal reference you wish to add, popflock.com resource has a citation bot that will read that DOI and expand it into a full reference with the author's name, journal name, date, volume, issue, pages, etc. You can view instructions on how to add this gadget to your popflock.com resource preferences at User:Citation bot/use.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as have upper-case aliases like , which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
To cite a professional or scientific journal `{{cite journal \|last1= \|first1= \|last2= \|first2= \|date= \|title= \|url= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|access-date=}}` Vancouver system author style for a scientific journal `{{cite journal \|vauthors= \|date= \|title= \|url= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|pmc= \|pmid= \|access-date=}}` or `{{cite journal \|last1= \|first1= \|last2= \|first2= \|date= \|title= \|url= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|pmc= \|pmid= \|access-date= \|name-list-style=vanc}}` To cite a journal article with no credited author `{{cite journal \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|date= \|title= \|url= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|access-date=}}` To cite an online article that has been archived `{{cite journal \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title= \|url= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|access-date= \|url-status= \|archive-url= \|archive-date=}}` To cite an article written in a foreign language `{{cite journal \|last= \|first= \|date= \|title= \|trans-title= \|url= \|language= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|access-date=}}` To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language journal article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription `{{cite journal \|last1= \|first1= \|last2= \|first2= \|date= \|title= \|trans-title= \|url= \|format= \|language= \|journal= \|volume= \|issue= \|pages= \|doi= \|via= \|url-access= \|access-date= \|url-status= \|archive-url= \|archive-date= \|quote=}}`

Full parameter set in horizontal format
{{cite journal \|last1= \|first1= \|author-link1= \|last2= \|first2= \|author-link2= \|last3= \|first3= \|author-link3= \|last4= \|first4= \|author-link4= \|last5= \|first5= \|author-link5= \|display-authors= \|author-mask= \|name-list-style= \|date= \|year= \|orig-date= \|editor1-last= \|editor1-first= \|editor1-link= \|editor2-last= \|editor2-first= \|editor2-link= \|editor3-last= \|editor3-first= \|editor3-link= \|editor4-last= \|editor4-first= \|editor4-link= \|editor5-last= \|editor5-first= \|editor5-link= \|display-editors= \|others= \|title= \|script-title= \|trans-title= \|url= \|format= \|department= \|journal= \|type= \|series= \|language= \|edition= \|location= \|publisher= \|publication-place= \|publication-date= \|volume= \|issue= \|page= \|pages= \|at= \|no-pp= \|arxiv= \|asin= \|bibcode= \|bibcode-access= \|biorxiv= \|citeseerx= \|doi= \|doi-access= \|doi-broken-date= \|isbn= \|issn= \|jfm= \|jstor= \|jstor-access= \|lccn= \|mr= \|oclc= \|ol= \|ol-access= \|osti= \|osti-access= \|pmc= \|pmid= \|rfc= \|ssrn= \|zbl= \|id= \|via= \|url-access= \|access-date= \|url-status= \|archive-url= \|archive-date= \|quote= \|postscript= \|ref=}}

Most commonly used parameters in vertical format

To cite a professional or scientific journal

{{cite journal
| last1      = 
| first1     = 
| last2      = 
| first2     = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| access-date = 
}}

Vancouver system author style for a scientific journal

{{cite journal
| vauthors   = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| pmc        = 
| pmid       = 
| access-date = 
}}

or

{{cite journal
| last1      = 
| first1     = 
| last2      = 
| first2     = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| pmc        = 
| pmid       = 
| access-date = 
| name-list-style = vanc
}}

To cite a journal article with no credited author

{{cite journal
| author     = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| access-date = 
}}

To cite an online article that has been archived

{{cite journal
| last        = 
| first       = 
| date        = 
| title       = 
| url         = 
| journal     = 
| volume      = 
| issue       = 
| pages       = 
| doi         = 
| access-date = 
| url-status  = 
| archive-url = 
| archive-date= 
}}

To cite a journal article written in a foreign language

{{cite journal
| last        = 
| first       = 
| date        = 
| title       = 
| trans-title = 
| url         = 
| language    = 
| journal     = 
| volume      = 
| issue       = 
| pages       = 
| doi         = 
| access-date = 
}}

To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language journal article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription

{{cite journal
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| journal      = 
| volume       = 
| issue        = 
| pages        = 
| doi          = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| access-date  = 
| url-status   = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| quote        = 
}}

Full parameter set in vertical format

Vertical list

Prerequisites

Brief instructions / notes

{{cite journal
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-style       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-date             = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| others                = 
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| format                = 
| department            = 
| journal               = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-place     = 
| publication-date      = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| no-pp                 = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| biorxiv               = 
| citeseerx             = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| doi-access            = 
| isbn                  = 
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| jstor-access          = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    = 
| ol-access             = 
| osti                  = 
| osti-access           = 
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| via                   = 
| registration          = 
| subscription          = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   = 
| url-access            = 
| access-date           = 
| url-status            = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
}}

 
 
 last1
 
 last1
 last2
 
 last2
 last3
 
 last3
 last4
 
 last4
 last5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 editor1-last
 
 editor1-last
 editor2-last
 
 editor2-last
 editor3-last
 
 editor3-last
 editor4-last
 
 editor4-last
 editor5-last
 
 
 
 
 
 title or script-title
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 doi
 doi
 
 
 
 
 jstor
 
 
 
 
 ol
 
 osti
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 url
 url
 url
 url
 archive-url

If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

Journal article

{{cite journal |last1=Overpeck |first1=J. T. |last2=Webb |first2=T. |last3=Prentice |first3=I. C. |date=January 1985 |title=Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=23 |pages=87-108 |bibcode=1985QuRes..23...87O |doi=10.1016/0033-5894(85)90074-2}}

Displays as:

Overpeck, J. T.; Webb, T.; Prentice, I. C. (January 1985). "Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs". Quaternary Research. 23: 87-108. Bibcode:1985QuRes..23...87O. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(85)90074-2.

Vancouver style (common in biomedicine); see Citation Style Vancouver for specific templates

{{cite journal |vauthors=Bannen R, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright S, Mitchell J |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/24/20/2339/260340 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339-2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523}}

Displays as:

Bannen R, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright S, Mitchell J (2008). "Optimal design of thermally stable proteins". Bioinformatics. 24 (20): 2339-2343. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450. PMC 2562006. PMID 18723523.

or

{{cite journal |last1=Bannen |first1=RM |last2=Suresh |first2=V |last3=Phillips |first3=GN Jr |last4=Wright |first4=SJ |last5=Mitchell |first5=JC |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/24/20/2339/260340 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339-2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523 |name-list-style=vanc}}

Displays as:

Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC (2008). "Optimal design of thermally stable proteins". Bioinformatics. 24 (20): 2339-2343. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450. PMC 2562006. PMID 18723523.

Include URL link to article, pre-print, or abstract.

{{cite journal |last1=Aries |first1=Myriam B. C. |last2=Newsham |first2=Guy R. |name-list-style=amp |date=2008 |title=Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review |url=http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc49212/nrcc49212.pdf |journal=Energy Policy |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1858-1866 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021 |access-date=October 18, 2013}}

Displays as:

Aries, Myriam B. C. & Newsham, Guy R. (2008). "Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review" (PDF). Energy Policy. 36 (6): 1858-1866. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021. Retrieved 2013.

If the linked document is PDF, but the extension is not .pdf or .PDF, you may add the parameter , which displays " (PDF)" after the link.

Specify the DOI to provide a permanent link, and an URL where the article is free. For medical articles also give the PMID and PubMed Central (PMC) ID: the PMC value will link the free full-text repository, will link the title if the URL is not specified, and will show an open padlock informing readers that the article is open-access. is not necessary when a permanent identifier is used.

{{cite journal |last1=Viollet |first1=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase ?2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |url=https://www.jci.org/articles/view/16567 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91-98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592 |access-date=2012-11-17}}

Displays as:

Viollet, Benoît; Andreelli, Fabrizio; Jørgensen, Sebastian B.; Perrin, Christophe; Geloen, Alain; et al. (January 2003). "The AMP-activated protein kinase ?2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (1): 91-98. doi:10.1172/JCI16567. PMC 151837. PMID 12511592. Retrieved .

Whereas if the URL had not been specified, then the title is linked to the PMC link, which is repeated:

{{cite journal |last1=Viollet |first1=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase ?2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91-98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}

Displays as:

Viollet, Benoît; Andreelli, Fabrizio; Jørgensen, Sebastian B.; Perrin, Christophe; Geloen, Alain; et al. (January 2003). "The AMP-activated protein kinase ?2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (1): 91-98. doi:10.1172/JCI16567. PMC 151837. PMID 12511592.

If the doi link is broken, then use of doi-broken-date unlinks the doi value, indicates when the doi-problem was first noticed, and will also add the page to "CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Mmmm YYYY" (tracking category Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive):

{{cite journal |last1=Viollet |first1=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase ?2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91-98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |doi-broken-date=2021-07-01 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}

Displays as:

Viollet, Benoît; Andreelli, Fabrizio; Jørgensen, Sebastian B.; Perrin, Christophe; Geloen, Alain; et al. (January 2003). "The AMP-activated protein kinase ?2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (1): 91-98. doi:10.1172/JCI16567 (inactive 2021-07-01). PMC 151837. PMID 12511592.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2021 (link)

If the article is in a foreign language, and the original title is unknown, enclose the translated title in square brackets and use . Otherwise use for the foreign-language title and for the English-language title.

{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Y. |last2=Lu |first2=J. |last3=Shen |first3=Y. |last4=Lu |first4=J. |name-list-style=amp |date=March 1999 |title=[The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats] |journal=Wei Sheng Yan Jiu |language=Chinese |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115-116 |pmid=11938998}}

Displays as:

Huang, Y.; Lu, J.; Shen, Y. & Lu, J. (March 1999). "[The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats]". Wei Sheng Yan Jiu (in Chinese). 28 (2): 115-116. PMID 11938998.

Example using other identifiers

{{cite journal |last=Merimovich |first=C. |date=2007 |title=A power function with a fixed finite gap everywhere |journal=Journal of Symbolic Logic |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=361-417 |doi=10.2178/jsl/1185803615 |mr=2320282}}

Displays as:

Merimovich, C. (2007). "A power function with a fixed finite gap everywhere". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 72 (2): 361-417. doi:10.2178/jsl/1185803615. MR 2320282.

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

parent
OR: parent2--may be used instead of parent
- child--may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2--may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

use not

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
, , , ,
,
, , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

What's new

What's new or changed recently
Parameter	Description	Date
	added aliases (including enumerated forms) for	October 2020
	added aliases (including enumerated forms) for	October 2020
	added alias for for usage with	October 2020
	added aliases (including enumerated forms) for	October 2020
	added aliases (including enumerated forms) for	October 2020
	added canonical form for alias	October 2020
	added single page specifier for	October 2020
	added multiple pages specifier for	October 2020
	added identifier parameter for Standard Book Numbers	April 2020
	added non-Latin script text facility for	October 2020
	added aliases (including enumerated forms) to for usage with	October 2020
	added identifier parameter for Semantic Scholar corpus ID	April 2020
	added access-icon parameter for	April 2020
	added special tokens `none/doi/pmc` to override/disable auto-linking ({{cite journal}} only)	October 2020
	added translated text facility for	October 2020
accept-this-as-written-markup	added for , , , ,	October 2020

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
Deprecated parameter	Replace with	Date
	if the source named by these parameters is important to the popflock.com resource article, create a cs1\|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information	2021-01-03



		2022-01-22

Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
Removed parameter	Replace with	Date
		October 2020
		October 2020
		October 2020
		October 2020
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	(one editor) or (more than one editor) or (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting into and , if possible. Consider , if annotation is required.	January 2021
		October 2020
		October 2020
		October 2020
		October 2020
		October 2020
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	(delete)	January 2021
	(delete)	January 2021
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		October 2020
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	(delete)	October 2020
		January 2021
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		January 2020
		April 2021
		April 2021
	restored January 2022 as deprecated	~~May 2021~~

Description

Authors

last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink--use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. ). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
- author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink--use author-link instead.
- first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink--use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use .
- author-link: Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the author--not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
- OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
- name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
- author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in as described above
authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink--use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
- translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink--use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
- translator-link: Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the translator--not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
- OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Date

date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.^{[date 1]} Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: .

For no date, or "undated", use

The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.

Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as , , , , etc.) except for in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.

year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
1. The format is YYYY-MM-DD.
2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: or . As does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by (or, if it exists in the article, by of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the parameter. Alias: orig-year
df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
dmy - set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

mdy - as above for month day, year format

ymd - as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

dmy-all - set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

mdy-all - as above for month day, year format

ymd-all - as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

^ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.

Editors

editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink--use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first--as in Chinese--or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
- editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
- editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink--use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use .
- editor-link: title of existing popflock.com resource article about the editor--not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
- name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
- editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in , as described above
Display:
Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Title

title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing popflock.com resource article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
  ... |title=T?ky? taw? |script-title=ja: |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
- trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	\|
space	[	]	`{{!}}` (preferred)
	{{bracket\|text}}		\| or {{pipe}} -

title-link: Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the source named in title - do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

Some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when and are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for to manually select a specific source ( or ) for auto-linking or to disable the feature .

type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.

language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: ; ; ; . See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

URL

url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or . Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use or to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
- access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.^{[date 1]} Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
- archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive , WebCite and archive.today ; requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by ) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
  - archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.^{[date 1]} Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
  - url-status: this optional parameter is ignored if archive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is . When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set ; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set . When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting or suppresses display of the original URL (but and are still required).
  - archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.
- url-access:
format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Character	space	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	\|	}
Encoding	%20	'	'	%3C	%3E	%5B	%5D	%7B	%7C	%7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

^ ^a ^b Access-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format - either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.

Periodical

work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
- script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
- trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.
  ... |work=Zh?ngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:? |trans-work=China Box Office ...
- issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. . Please choose either or depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example . Displayed in parentheses following volume.
- department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text.

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:

title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.

chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

Publisher

publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution.

Edition, series, volume

edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

In-source locations

page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either or , but not both. Displays preceded by colon (:). If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. ), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert to . Alias: p.
OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content or the range of pages of the article as a whole, or both (using the following notation: article-page-range [content-supporting-pages], for example: pp. 4-10 [5, 7]). Use either or , but not both. Separate using an en dash (-); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by colon (:).
Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1-3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: . Alternatively, use , like this: . Alias: pp.
OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by or . Use only one of , , or .
Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
For and used in conjunction with , see here.

Identifiers

id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 - December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ae, au, br, ca, cn, de, es, fr, in, it, jp, mx, nl, pl, sa, se, sg, tr, uk. Aliases: none.
bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
- doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN - beginning with 978 or 979 - when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information - usually the back of the title page - or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters - anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN - and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters - anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens - and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN.
mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC.
- pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 Aliases: PMID.
rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
- Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (, , , , and ) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as ). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding parameter.

For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when and are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for to manually select a specific source ( or ) for auto-linking or to disable the feature .

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The parameter (or ) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in popflock.com resource as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

access indicator for named identifiers:
- free: the source is free to read for anyone (from the viewpoint of the provider of the source – could still be blocked by client-side filtering or safeguarding, or distributor-based geoblocking)
access indicators for url-holding parameters:
- registration: a free registration with the provider of the source is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
- limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views, a restriction to certain day or night times, or providing the contents only to certain IP ranges/locales on behalf of the provider of the source) to freely access this source as a whole
- subscription: the source as a whole is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall"), even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without subscription

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Online sources linked by , , , , , , and are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free.

URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
URL	Access	Allowed keywords
		`registration` `limited` `subscription`

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

{{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}}

which renders as:

"Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.

Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier - exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
Identifier	Access	Allowed keywords
		`free`

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.

Lay summary

These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the popflock.com resource article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.

lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
- lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
- lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
- lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired.

Quote

quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
- script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
  ... |quote=T?ky? taw? |script-quote=ja: |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
- trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in . Use either or , but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in , or . Displays preceded by p. unless . If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. ). Alias: none.
OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in . Use either or , but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in or . Separate using an en dash (-); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1-3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: . Alias: none.

Anchor

ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's HTML tag). Setting identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set . Aliases: none.

Display options

mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For , element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For , element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
author-mask:
contributor-mask:
editor-mask:
interviewer-mask:
subject-mask:
translator-mask:
Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. ) to apply the mask to a specific name.

display-authors:
display-contributors:
display-editors:
display-interviewers:
display-subjects:
display-translators:
Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, will display only the first two editors (and all authors). and are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify - leaving empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. is ignored if quote is defined.

Notes

Although it may appear redundant to include multiple ids for articles, it is helpful for many editors who only have access to a certain resource. If only one ID is to be included, the DOI should be used, as this is the universal standard preferred by professional publications. Specifying a link as a DOI, PMID, etc. is always preferable to including it as a URL parameter, as it makes it clear that the link is accurate and stable, but not necessarily openly accessible. is not necessary when a permanent identifier is used.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData.

TemplateData for Cite journal

This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.

Template parameters
This template has custom formatting.
Parameter		Description	Type	Status
Last name	`last` `author` `author1` `authors` `last1`	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Line	suggested
First name	`first` `first1`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Line	suggested
Author link	`author-link` `author-link1` `author1-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	Page name	optional
Last name 2	`last2` `author2`	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'	Line	optional
First name 2	`first2`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 2	`author-link2` `author2-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the second author	Page name	optional
Last name 3	`last3` `author3`	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'	Line	optional
First name 3	`first3`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 3	`author-link3` `author3-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the third author	Page name	optional
Last name 4	`last4` `author4`	The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'	Line	optional
First name 4	`first4`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 4	`author-link4` `author4-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the forth author	Page name	optional
Last name 5	`last5` `author5`	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'	Line	optional
First name 5	`first5`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 5	`author-link5` `author5-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the fifth author	Page name	optional
Last name 6	`last6` `author6`	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'	Line	optional
First name 6	`first6`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 6	`author-link6` `author6-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the sixth author	Page name	optional
Last name 7	`last7` `author7`	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'	Line	optional
First name 7	`first7`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 7	`author-link7` `author7-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the seventh author	Page name	optional
Last name 8	`last8` `author8`	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'	Line	optional
First name 8	`first8`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 8	`author-link8` `author8-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the eighth author	Page name	optional
Last name 9	`last9` `author9`	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	Line	optional
First name 9	`first9`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Author link 9	`author-link9` `author9-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the ninth author	Page name	optional
Last name 10	`last10` `author10`	The surname of the tenth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If ten authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last two authors.	Line	optional
First name 10	`first10`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the tenth author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Last name 11	`last11` `author11`	The surname of the 11th author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If more than nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the remaining authors.	Line	optional
First name 11	`first11`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the 11th author; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Display authors	`display-authors`	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;	Number	optional
Author mask	`author-mask`	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	optional
Name list style	`name-list-style`	Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two on the name list to '&' or 'and', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.	String	optional
Vancouver style authors	`vauthors`	comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses	Line	optional
Source date	`date`	Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication	Date	suggested
Year of publication	`year`	Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed	Number	optional
Original date	`orig-date`	Original date of publication; provide specifics	Number	optional
Editor last name	`editor-last` `editor1-last`	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor'	Line	optional
Editor first name	`editor-first` `editor1-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'	Line	optional
Editor link	`editor-link`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'	Page name	optional
Editor last name 2	`editor2-last` `editor2`	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 2	`editor2-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 2	`editor2-link` `editor-link2`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the second editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 3	`editor3-last` `editor3`	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 3	`editor3-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 3	`editor3-link` `editor-link3`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the third editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 4	`editor4-last` `editor4`	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 4	`editor4-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 4	`editor4-link` `editor-link4`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the fourth editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 5	`editor5-last` `editor5`	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 5	`editor5-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 5	`editor5-link` `editor-link5`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the fifth editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 6	`editor6-last` `editor6`	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 6	`editor6-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 6	`editor6-link` `editor-link6`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the sixth editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 7	`editor7-last` `editor7`	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 7	`editor7-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 7	`editor7-link` `editor-link7`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the seventh editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 8	`editor8-last` `editor8`	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 8	`editor8-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 8	`editor8-link` `editor-link8`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the eighth editor	Page name	optional
Editor last name 9	`editor9-last` `editor9`	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'	Line	optional
Editor first name 9	`editor9-first`	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink	Line	optional
Editor link 9	`editor9-link` `editor-link9`	Title of existing popflock.com resource article about the ninth editor	Page name	optional
Others	`others`	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	Content	optional
Title	`title`	The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing popflock.com resource article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes.	Content	required
Script title	`script-title`	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: \|script-title=ja:...	Line	optional
Translated title	`trans-title`	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	Content	optional
URL	`url` `URL`	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the protocol-relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.nytimes.com/...	Line	suggested
URL status	`url-status`	If set to 'live', the title displays with the URL linked; if set to 'dead', the title displays with the archive URL linked	Line	optional
Format	`format`	Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	Content	optional
Department	`department`	Department within the periodical	String	optional
Journal	`journal`	Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work' Example [[American Journal of Sociology]]	Content	required
Chapter	`chapter`	The chapter heading of the source	String	optional
Type	`type`	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	Content	optional
Series	`series` `version`	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'	Content	optional
Language	`language`	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	Content	optional
Edition	`edition`	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'	Line	optional
Location of publication	`location`	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'	String	optional
Publisher	`publisher`	Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked; displays after title Example [[University of Chicago Press]]	Content	optional
Place of publication	`publication-place`	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	Content	optional
Publication date	`publication-date`	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	Date	optional
Volume	`volume`	For one publication published in several volumes, usually a number. Do not prepend with v. or vol. Example 3	Line	suggested
Issue	`issue`	Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically, usually a number. Do not prepend with no. Example 4	Line	suggested
Page	`page`	Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'	Line	optional
Pages	`pages`	Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.')	Line	suggested
At	`at`	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	Line	optional
No pp	`no-pp`	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	Line	optional
arXiv identifier	`arxiv`	An identifier for arXiv electronic preprints of scientific papers	Line	optional
ASIN	`asin`	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	Line	optional
ASIN TLD	`asin-tld`	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	Line	optional
Bibcode	`bibcode`	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	Line	optional
biorXiv	`biorxiv`	biorXiv identifier; full doi	Line	optional
CiteSeerX	`citeseerx`	CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter	Line	optional
DOI	`doi`	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	String	optional
DOI broken date	`doi-broken-date`	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	Date	optional
ISBN	`isbn`	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	Line	optional
ISSN	`issn`	International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen	Line	optional
eISSN	`eissn`	International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen	Line	optional
jfm code	`jfm`	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	Line	optional
JSTOR	`jstor`	JSTOR identifier	Line	optional
LCCN	`lccn`	Library of Congress Control Number	Line	optional
MR	`mr`	Mathematical Reviews identifier	Line	optional
OCLC	`oclc`	Online Computer Library Center number	Number	optional
OL	`ol`	Open Library identifier	Line	optional
OSTI	`osti`	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	Line	optional
PMC	`pmc`	PubMed Center article number	Number	optional
PMID	`pmid`	PubMed Unique Identifier	Line	optional
RFC	`rfc`	Request for Comments number	Number	optional
SSRN	`ssrn`	Social Science Research Network	Line	optional
Zbl	`zbl`	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	Line	optional
id	`id`	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	Line	optional
URL access level	`url-access`	Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')	String	optional
Archive URL	`archive-url`	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'	Line	optional
Archive date	`archive-date`	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	Date	optional
URL access date	`access-date`	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	Date	optional
Quote	`quote`	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation	Content	optional
Postscript	`postscript`	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' Default .	Line	optional
Ref	`ref`	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates	Line	optional
Content deliverer (i.e. Database)	`via`	Provider of the article (not the publisher), usually an aggregator of journal articles or a repository Example JSTOR, Project MUSE, Elsevier Science Direct	String	suggested
Bibcode access level	`bibcode-access`	If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'	String	optional
DOI access level	`doi-access`	If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'	String	optional
HDL access level	`hdl-access`	If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'	String	optional
JSTOR access level	`jstor-access`	If the full text is free to read on JSTOR, type 'free'	String	optional
OpenLibrary access level	`ol-access`	If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'	String	optional
OSTI access level	`osti-access`	If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'	String	optional

Usage

Examples

Parameters

Syntax

COinS

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

What's new

Deprecated

Description

Authors

Date

Editors

Title

URL

Periodical

Publisher

Edition, series, volume

In-source locations

Identifiers

Subscription or registration required

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Access indicator for named identifiers

Lay summary

Quote

Anchor

Display options

Notes

TemplateData

See also