Philippine National Police Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas
Insignia and uniform patch
Badge
Abbreviation	PNP
Motto	To Serve and Protect. Service, Honor, Justice.
Agency overview
Formed	January 29, 1991[1]
Preceding agencies	Philippine Constabulary (August 18, 1901 - January 29, 1991)[2] Integrated National Police (August 8, 1975 - January 29, 1991)
Annual budget	?187.33 billion (2020)[3] (US$3.62 billion)
Jurisdictional structure
National agency	Philippines
Operations jurisdiction	Philippines
Operational structure
Headquarters	Camp Crame, Quezon City
Police officers	205,000
Agency executives	PGen. Debold M. Sinas, Chief, PNP PLTGEN Guillermo Lorenzo T. Eleazar, Deputy Chief for Administration PLTGEN Cesar Hawthrone R. Binag, Deputy Chief for Operations PLTGEN Joselito M. Vera Cruz, Chief of Directorial Staff
Parent agency	Department of the Interior and Local Government via National Police Commission
Website
www.pnp.gov.ph

The Philippine National Police (Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas, acronymed as PNP) is the armed national police force in the Philippines. Its national headquarters is at Camp Crame in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Currently, it has 205,000 personnel.^[4]

The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by municipal mayors.^[5] DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991 when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.^[1]

History

Passed on December 13, 1990https://www.pcw.gov.ph/law/republic-act-8551, Republic Act No. 6975, the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990 paved the way for a new era for Philippine law enforcement as the law ordered the total merger of both the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police and formally created the Philippine National Police.^[6]R.A. 6975 was further amended by R.A. 8551, the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,^[7] and by R.A. 9708.^[8] The R.A. 8551 envisioned the PNP to be a community- and service-oriented agency.

On June 14, 2019, the PNP announced that the Counter-Intelligence Task Force will be replaced with the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group.^[9]

Leadership

• President of the Philippines & Commander-in-Chief - Pres. Rodrigo Roa Duterte
• Secretary of the Interior and Local Government & NAPOLCOM Chairman - Sec. Eduardo M. Año
  • DILG Undersecretary for Peace and Order - Usec. Bernardo C. Florece Jr.
• Chief of the Philippine National Police - PGen. Debold M. Sinas
• Deputy Chief for Administration of the Philippine National Police - PLt. Gen. Guillermo Lorenzo T. Eleazar
• Deputy Chief for Operations of the Philippine National Police - PLt. Gen. Cesar Hawthorne R. Binag
• Chief of Directorial Staff - PLt. Gen. Joselito M. Vera Cruz

Organization

Operational units

Within the PNP operational units there are:^[10]

• Aviation Security Group (AVSEGROUP)

This group provides security to all airports throughout the country.

• Special Action Force (SAF)

This group is a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and national emergencies and other special police operations such as ant-hijacking, anti-terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal. On a special note, the PNP Air Unit is placed under the supervision of SAF.

• Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)

This group monitors, investigates, prosecutes all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also conducts organized- crime -control, all major cases involving violations of the revised penal Code, violators of SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them such as Anti-hijacking, Anti-carnapping and Cyber crimes among others and atrocities committed by Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People's Army (NPA)/National Democratic Front (NDF).

• Maritime Group (MG)

This group is responsible to perform all police functions over Philippine territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and harbors and small islands for the security and the sustainable development of the maritime environment.

Philippine National Police boat on the Iloilo River, Iloilo City

• Intelligence Group (IG)

This group serves as the intelligence and counter-intelligence op of the Crime Operatives (SOCO) This group provides scientific and technical, investigative aide and support to the PNP and other investigative agencies. It also provides crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with primary emphasis on medical, biological and physical nature.

• Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)

This group provides security to government vital installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given protection.

• Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG)

This Group is responsible for the implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP.

• Police Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG)

This group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community Relations program and activities in partnership with concerned government agencies, the community, and volunteer organizations in order to prevent crime and attain a safe and peaceful environment.

• Highway Patrol Group (HPG)

This group enforces the traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter- agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic Law enforcement functions and develops reforms in the crime prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed along National Highway involving the use of motor vehicles.

• Civil Security Group (CSG)

This group regulates business operations and activities of all organized private detectives, watchmen, security/agencies and company guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.

• Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG)

This Group serves as the primary unit of the PNP in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations.

• Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG)

This group is designed to conduct intelligence build-up and law enforcement operations against PNP personnel who are involved in any illegal activities such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, financial crimes, cybercrime, malversation, graft and corrupt practices, security violations, and others. It replaced the Counter-Intelligence Task Force (CITF).^[11]

Internal Affairs Service

The PNP created a national Internal Affairs Service (IAS) in June 1999. It is an organization within the structure of the PNP and one of its tasks is to help the Chief institute reforms to improve the image of the police force through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and behavior of the PNP personnel. It is headed by the Inspector General.

Philippine National Police Academy

The Philippine National Police Academy is located at Camp Gen. Mariano N. Castaneda, Silang, Cavite and is the premier training academy for the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail Management & Penology and Bureau of Fire Protection.

National Operations Center (NOC)

The National Operations Center (NOC) is at Camp Crame. Chief Superintendent Constante Azares Jr., chief of the PNP-NOC, explained that "the NOC is the hub and nerve of this facility."^[12]

Divisional organization

Regional Police Offices manage and administer Police Stations within the various regions of the Philippines, each of which include several provinces and independent cities. Each unit exercises independent control over all police units within their areas of operation and attached units of the PNP National Headquarters are ordered to assist these Regional Offices. The National Capital Region Police Office is one such regional office.

Regional Offices

District Offices

Except in Metro Manila, regional police offices are organized into:

• Provincial and Highly Urbanized City Police Offices
• Municipal/City Police Stations
• Police Substations
• Police Community Precincts

Rank Structure

Full set of ranks

Per the current (2019) rank system, the National Police has no rank holders of Second Lieutenant, Technical Sergeant, Sergeant and Patrolman First Class.

Insignia	Rank[14]
	Police General (P/GEN)
	Police Lieutenant General (P/LT.GEN)
	Police Major General (P/M.GEN)
	Police Brigadier General (P/B.GEN)
	Police Colonel (P/COL)
	Police Lieutenant Colonel (P/LT.COL)
	Police Major (P/MAJ)
	Police Captain (P/CAPT)
	Police Lieutenant (P/LT)
	Police Executive Master Sergeant (P/EMS)
	Police Chief Master Sergeant (P/CMS)
	Police Senior Master Sergeant (P/SMS)
	Police Master Sergeant (P/MSg)
	Police Staff Sergeant (P/SSg)
	Police Corporal (P/Cpl)
	Patrolman / Patrolwoman (Pat)

Officers

Recruitment and training

Two members of the PNP rappel down a tower during a joint U.S.-AFP-PNP Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE).

The PNP conducts regular recruitment programs, depending on the annual budget. The entry level for non-commissioned officers is the rank of Police Patrolman (for male recruits) or Police Patrolwoman (for female recruits). The new recruits will undergo Public Safety Basic Recruit Course for six months, and a Field Training Program for another six months. Prior to their actual duty, they are required to undergo the mandatory special training of PNP SCOUT or PNP Special Counter-insurgency Unit Training course for 45 days to 5 months to enhance them in militaristic/tactics for future assignment in the field whether in the Striking Force or in the Police Station.

Commissioned officers for the Philippine National Police are from the Philippine National Police Academy as well as through "lateral entry" for specialized disciplines and requirements such as criminologists in line-officers, lawyers, doctors, engineers, chaplain and other technical positions and also the rose-from-the-rank personnel who have reached the qualifications to be a commissioned officer.

Retirement

A police officer has to retire from the PNP when they reach the mandatory retirement age of 56. Any officer may opt to go on non-duty status at most three months before the date when they reach the mandatory retirement age so they could prepare the pertinent documents for their retirement. While on this status they are still considered as part of the police force and retains their ranking.^[15]

Equipment

Uniforms of the Philippine National Police.

PNP officers are equipped with Beretta 92 and Glock pistols. Their assault rifles used were M16 and M4A1 rifles and were used by SWAT Teams and the Special Action Force (SAF). Submachine guns used were the MP5 and UMP45. Shotguns used are the Remington 870 and the Mossberg 590. Recently, PNP have add the IWI Masada from Israel.

Controversies

Manila blackmail incident

A blackmail case occurred in Binondo, Manila when police officers abducted and blackmailed seven Chinese citizens suspected of drug trafficking on December 30, 1998.^[16] After many months of detainment and torture, two Hong Kong residents were killed when the ransom money was not paid.^[17] One police superintendent who knew of the operation was also killed.^[16]

Euro Generals scandal

The Euro Generals scandal involves Eliseo de la Paz and several Philippine National Police officials who went to Russia in October 2008 to attend an Interpol conference. De la Paz was detained for carrying a large sum of undeclared money. A House panel investigating the scandal concluded that the six police officials who attended the conference had made the trip illegally.^[18] In 2010, the Office of the Ombudsman filed graft charges against twelve former and active ranking PNP officials for their alleged involvement in the incident.^[19][20]

Parañaque shootout

On December 5, 2008, ten suspected criminals, one policeman, and five civilians, a total of 16 people, including a seven-year-old girl, were killed in a bloody shootout in Parañaque. Several others were wounded, including a ranking officer of the Highway Patrol Group, two members of the Special Action Force, a village watchman, and a security guard, said Director Leopoldo Bataoil, head of the Metro Manila regional police. The criminals belonged to a Waray-Waray gang and were armed with high-caliber M16 rifles fitted with grenade launchers.^[21]

The head of the Internal Affairs Service of the PNP said, "We failed in our mission to protect the civilians. Because during the conduct of operation many civilian lives were lost,"^[22] On July 29, 2009, it was reported that the Department of Justice (DOJ) had filed multiple murder charges against 29 policemen, including three generals, in connection with the shootout following the filing of a complaint-affidavit by Lilian de Vera, who lost her husband and daughter, age seven, in the incident.^[23] On January 11, 2010, the Commission on Human Rights recommended the filing of criminal and administrative charges against 26 policemen^[24] In March, it was reported that after two witnesses had said De Vera and his daughter were not killed in the shootout, that policemen already had complete control of the area where the two were killed, the Department of Justice filed two counts of murder charges against 25 policemen for the killings.^[25]

Binayug torture case

Inspector Joselito Binayug, chief of the Asuncion police community precinct in Tondo arrested Darius Evangelista on March 5, 2009 for alleged robbery. A torture video was leaked to the media and shown on television showing a police officer whipping and cursing the suspect and pulling on a rope that was tied to the victim's genitals. The incident allegedly happened inside the Asuncion police precinct in Tondo. Binayug was arrested for violating the Anti-Torture act of 2009. Separate charges were filed for Evangelista being tortured to death.^[26][27]

Maguindanao massacre

On November 24, 2009, Senior Superintendent Abusana Maguid, the police chief of Maguindanao province, was reported to have been relieved of his duties after witnesses reported seeing three of his officers at the scene of the Maguindanao massacre in which 57 people, including journalists, lawyers, aides, and motorists who were witnesses were killed.^[28] On November 25 Maguid and Chief Inspector Sukarno Dikay were reported to have been relieved from post and placed under restrictive custody.^[29] On November 26, Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Secretary Ronaldo Puno announced that Maguid, Dikay, and others were suspected of involvement in the massacre.^[30] On December 19, Maguid, Dikay, and others were reported to have been recommended for summary dismissal by the PNP high command.^[31] On April 16, 2010, the National Police Commission ordered a 90-day suspension against Maguid, Dikay, and 60 other police personnel for their possible involvement in the killings.^[32] On July 10, it was reported that Dikay had applied to become state witness, saying that he is confident that his testimony will pin down the masterminds of the killing.^[33]

Failed hostage rescue operation

The Philippine National Police conceded that in the 2010 Manila hostage crisis they made blunders in ending a bus hijacking, as outrage grew over the bloody assault played out on live television that left eight Hong Kong tourists dead. The Hong Kong Economic Journal was reported to have accused the PNP of having "appalling professional standards" and "...[a] lack of strategic planning".^[34]

"Wheel of Torture" secret detention facility

The Philippine Commission on Human Rights filed charges against ten police officers after it was discovered that they routinely tortured detainees inside a secret detention facility in Biñan, Laguna. It was alleged that some "were tortured for the police officers' amusement" when they're intoxicated. The facility is notorious for utilizing a roulette called the "Wheel of Torture", a play on the Wheel of Fortune, where various torture methods were printed. The wheel is rotated and wherever the pin stops, the indicated torture method is perpetrated on the detainee.^[35][36]

The torture methods included, a 20-second Manny Pacman punch, named after the famous boxer Manny Pacquiao, where the detainee is beaten for 20 seconds; "Paniki" which means being hung like a bat; "Tusok ulo ka" which means being pierced through the head; "Zombies" which means being electrocuted; and other degrading tasks like "duck walk" and "Ferris wheel".^[36][37]

Kidnapping and killing of Jee Ick-Joo

Sometime in January 2017, a Korean was killed inside Camp Crame.^[38][39] The Philippine National Police Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG) charged former NBI officials Roel Boliv, Ricardo Diaz, and Jose Yap in relation to the case.^[40]

Uniter

In 2019, German news outlets reported that the Philippine National Police had received training from an association called Uniter, a suspected neo-Nazi extremist paramilitary.^[41][42] Kontraste, a news magazine of Germany's public broadcasting network ARD reported that Uniter held a seminar at the Seda Hotel involving high-ranking officers of the PNP and other government officials, including E.R. Ejercito who posted photos of the seminar on his Facebook page.^[43] Uniter denied claims of training the PNP for extremist purposes but insisted that they were there for "humanitarian" support of the Philippine's war on drugs. Despite being reported across Germany amidst a neo-Nazi scandal that hit the Bundeswehr resulting in public outrage, it never made it to Philippine local and national news.^[44] The PNP has never made any statements of its involvement with Uniter since.

2013 Pampanga Drug recycling scandal

In 2013, An anti-illegal drug unit led by Police Chief Inspector (Now Police Major) Rodney Baloyo launched an operation against a certain Chinese national inside a subdivision in Mexico, Pampanga. However, an alleged recycling of Methamphetamine Hydrocloride worth 648 million Philippine Pesos confiscated dubbed as "Agaw-Bato" by the media and setting drug lord Johnson Lee free were discovered by then Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) Chief (now Baguio City Mayor) Benjamin Magalong resulting to a dismissal of the 13 Policemen dubbed as "Ninja Cops" (including Baloyo) involved in the said operation. In 2019, Magalong, revealed that PNP Chief Oscar Albayalde who was then the Pampanga Provincial Director when the incident happened, blocked the dissmisal of the cops involved in the recycling of drugs and often profited along with the cops involved.^[45] The revelations caused Magalong receiving death threats and the resignation of Albayalde on October 14, 2019.^[46][47]

Mañanita during the COVID-19 pandemic

The holding of a mañanita for NCRPO's chief (now PNP Chief) Debold Sinas amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila was criticized for breaching quarantine regulations. A mañanita is a customary celebration in the PNP where senior officers are greeted by their personnel early in the morning of their birthdays. The national police has filed charges against Sinas over the event for violation of existing regulations on social distancing and mass gatherings. However, Sinas was still able to keep his post due to the "emergency situation" posed by the pandemic, as self-proclaimed by him.^[48][49]

See also

• Crime in the Philippines
• Internal Affairs Service of Philippine National Police
• Tanod
• Women in the Philippine National Police
• Women in the Philippine military

References

External links

• Official website