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Frederick Fyvie Bruce (12 October 1910 - 11 September 1990), usually cited as F. F. Bruce, was a British biblical scholar who supported the historical reliability of the New Testament. His first book, New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? (1943), was voted by the American evangelical periodical Christianity Today in 2006 as one of the top 50 books "which had shaped evangelicals".[1]
Bruce was a scholar on the life and ministry of Paul the Apostle and wrote several studies, the best known of which is Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (published in the United States as Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free). He also wrote commentaries on many biblical books including Habakkuk, the Gospel of John, the Acts of the Apostles, Romans, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Philippians, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and the Epistles of John.
Most of Bruce's works were scholarly, but he also wrote many popular works on the Bible. He viewed the New Testament writings as historically reliable and the truth claims of Christianity as hinging on their being so. To Bruce this did not mean that the Bible was always precise, or that this lack of precision could not lead to some confusion. He believed, however, that the passages that were still open to debate were ones that had no substantial bearing on Christian theology and thinking. Bruce's colleague at Manchester, James Barr, considered Bruce a "conservative liberal".[5]
Bruce was in Christian fellowship at various places during his life, though his primary commitment was to the Open Brethren among whom he grew up.[6] He enjoyed the fellowship and acceptance of this group, though he was very much a maverick in relation to his own personal beliefs. He never accepted a specific brand of dispensationalism[7] usually associated with the Brethren, although he may have held a historic premillennialism[8] akin to George Eldon Ladd[9]
Bruce, F. F. (1943). Are the New Testament Documents Reliable?. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. OCLC558247493. - republished as New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?
——— (1948). The Hittites and the Old Testament. Tyndale Old Testament Lecture, 1947. London: The Tyndale Press. OCLC18294175.[11]
——— (1950). The Books and the Parchments. London: Pickering & Inglis. OCLC767902467.)
——— (1951). The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text With Introduction and Commentary (1st ed.). London: Tyndale Press. OCLC555539952.
——— (1952). The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text With Introduction and Commentary (2nd ed.). London: Tyndale Press. OCLC555539952.
——— (1955). The Book of the Acts. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. OCLC36238079.
——— (1956). Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls. London: Paternoster Press. OCLC458914633.[12]
———; Simpson, Edmund K. (1957). The Epistles to the Colossians and the Ephesians. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. OCLC814437503. - Bruce wrote the Colossians commentary, and Edmund K. Simpson wrote the Ephesians commentary; see the 1984 replacement below entirely by Bruce.
——— (1957). The Teacher of Righteousness in the Qumran Texts. Tyndale lecture in biblical archaeology, 1956. London: The Tyndale Press. OCLC316107722.[13]
——— (1959). The Apostolic Defence of the Gospel. London: Inter-Varsity Press. OCLC752714965.
——— (1960). Biblical Exegesis in the Qumran Texts. London: The Tyndale Press. OCLC717014079.[14]
——— (1962). Paul and his Converts: 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Corinthians. Bible guides. 17. Cambridge, UK: Lutterworth Press. OCLC1070713.
——— (1963). The English Bible: a history of translations from the earliest English versions to the new English bible. London: Methuen. OCLC247461547.
——— (1965). An Expanded Paraphrase of the Epistles Of Paul. Exeter: Paternoster Press. OCLC557807782.
——— (1966). The Spreading Flame. The Paternoster Church History. 1. =Exeter: Paternoster Press. OCLC251857737.
——— (1968). This is That: The New Testament development of some Old Testament themes. Exeter: Paternoster Press. ISBN9780853640868. OCLC839915326. - (published in the USA as New Testament Development of Old Testament Themes)
——— (1972). The Message of the New Testament. The Christian Student's Library. 10. Exeter, UK: Paternoster. ISBN9780853641285. OCLC751551126.
——— (1974). The 'Secret' Gospel of Mark: The Ethel M. Wood lecture delivered before the University of London on 11 February 1974. London: The Athlone Press. ISBN9780485143188. OCLC847236667.[15]
——— (1974). Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN9780340158685. OCLC301397862.
——— (1977). Paul: Apostle of The Free Spirit. Exeter: Paternoster Press. ISBN9780853642091. OCLC807386375. Published in the USA as Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans ISBN9780802835017
——— (1978). History of the Bible in English. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780195200874. OCLC1080679374. - (3rd edition of "The English Bible", 1963)
——— (1981). The Epistle of Paul to the Galatians: a commentary on the Greek text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN9780802823878. OCLC824666199.
——— (1981). Places they knew: Jesus and Paul. London: Ark. ISBN9780862011109. OCLC778704466. - now known as Jesus and Paul: Places They Knew
——— (1983). Philippians. New International Biblical Commentary. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. ISBN9780943575155. OCLC808517296.
——— (1984). Places Abraham knew; Places David knew. Places they knew. London: Scripture Union. ISBN9780862011116. OCLC12509992. - now known as Abraham and David: Places They Knew
——— (1990). The Acts of the Apostles: The Greek Text With Introduction and Commentary (3rd revised & expanded ed.). London: Apollos. ISBN9780851117645. OCLC277179500.
——— (1990). A Mind For What Matters: collected essays of F.F. Bruce. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN9780802804464. OCLC21974720.
——— (1974). "The Speeches In Acts: Thirty Years After". In Banks, Robert (ed.). Reconciliation and Hope. New Testament Essays on Atonement and Eschatology Presented to L. L. Morris on his 60th Birthday. Carlisle, UK: The Paternoster Press. pp. 53-68. ISBN9780853641650. OCLC642659439.[16]
——— (1982). "The Background to the Son of Man Sayings". In Rowdon, Harold Hamlyn (ed.). Christ The Lord, Studies in Christology presented to Donald Guthrie. Leicester, UK: Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 50-70. ISBN9780877849551. OCLC924929617.[17]
——— (March 1962). "Christianity Under Claudius". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 44 (1): 309-26. doi:10.7227/BJRL.44.2.3.
——— (March 1963). "When is a Gospel not a Gospel?" Bulletin of the John Rylands Library". 45 (1): 319-39. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
——— (March 1964). "St. Paul in Rome. 1". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 46 (2): 326-45. doi:10.7227/BJRL.46.2.4.
——— (Autumn 1965). "St. Paul in Rome. 2. The Epistle to Philemon". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 48 (1): 81-97. doi:10.7227/BJRL.48.1.5.
——— (Spring 1966). "St Paul in Rome. 3. The Epistle to the Colossians". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 48 (2): 268-285. doi:10.7227/BJRL.48.2.3.
——— (Spring 1967). "St. Paul in Rome. 4. The Epistle to the Ephesians". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 49 (2): 303-322.
——— (Spring 1968). "St, Paul in Rome. 5. Concluding Observations". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 50 (2): 262-279. doi:10.7227/BJRL.50.2.3.
——— (Spring 1969). "Galatian Problems. 1. Autobiographical Data". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 51 (2): 292-309. doi:10.7227/BJRL.51.2.3.
——— (Spring 1970). "Galatian Problems. 2. North or South Galatians?". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 52 (2): 243-266. doi:10.7227/BJRL.52.2.2.
——— (Spring 1971). "Galatian Problems. 3. The 'Other' Gospel". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 53 (2): 253-271. doi:10.7227/BJRL.53.2.2.
——— (Spring 1972). "Galatian Problems. 4. The Date of the Epistle". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 54 (2): 250-267. doi:10.7227/BJRL.54.2.2.
——— (Spring 1973). "Galatian Problems. 5. Galatians and Christian Origins". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 55 (2): 264-284.
——— (1974). "Paul and the Historical Jesus". Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. 56 (2): 317-335. doi:10.7227/BJRL.56.2.4.
——— (Spring 1975). "Paul and the Law of Moses". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 57 (2): 259-279. doi:10.7227/BJRL.57.2.2.
——— (1975-76). "Is the Paul of Acts the Real Paul?". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 58: 282-305.
——— (Autumn 1977). "Christ and Spirit in Paul". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 59 (1): 259-285. doi:10.7227/BJRL.59.2.2.
——— (Spring 1978). "St. John At Ephesus". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library Manchester. 60 (2): 339-361. doi:10.7227/BJRL.60.2.4.
——— (1979). "St. Paul in Macedonia". Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. 61 (2): 337-354. doi:10.7227/BJRL.61.2.5.
——— (Spring 1980). "St. Paul In Macedonia: 2. The Thessalonian Correspondence". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 62 (2): 328-345. doi:10.7227/BJRL.62.2.5.
——— (Spring 1981). "St. Paul in Macedonia: 3. The Philippian Correspondence". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 63 (2): 260-284. doi:10.7227/BJRL.63.2.2.
——— (Autumn 1982). "Acts of the Apostles To-Day". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 65 (1): 36-56. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.1.3.
——— (Spring 1983). "Some Thoughts on the Beginning of the New Testament Canon". Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. 65 (2): 37-60. doi:10.7227/BJRL.65.2.3.
——— (Spring 1984). "Paul and 'The Powers That Be'". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 66 (2): 78-96. doi:10.7227/BJRL.66.2.4.
——— (Spring 1985). "The Church of Jerusalem in the Acts of the Apostles". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 67 (2): 641-661. doi:10.7227/BJRL.67.2.5.
——— (Spring 1986). "Chronological Questions in the Acts of the Apostles". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 68 (2): 273-295. doi:10.7227/BJRL.68.2.2.
——— (Spring 1987). "Paul's Apologetic and the Purpose of Acts". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester. 69 (2): 379-393. doi:10.7227/BJRL.69.2.4.
References
^Grass, Tim (2012). F. F. Bruce: A Life. Milton Keynes: Paternoster. p. 40. ISBN978-0-8028-6723-0.
^Iain Murray, Evangelicalism Divided, Edinburgh: Banner of Truth (2000), p. 181; John Wenham, Facing Hell: An Autobiography, Carlisle: Paternoster Press (1999), p. 195.
W. Ward Gasque & Ralph P. Martin (eds). Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F. F. Bruce on his 60th Birthday. Exeter: Paternoster; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1970. ISBN0-85364-098-X
D. A. Hagner & M. J. Harris (eds). Pauline Studies: Essays Presented to F. F. Bruce. Exeter: Paternoster; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1980. ISBN0-8028-3531-7
F. F. Bruce. In Retrospect: Remembrance of Things Past. Revised edition. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1993. ISBN0-8010-1055-1
Tim Grass. F. F. Bruce. A Life. Milton Keynes: Paternoster, 2012. ISBN978-1-84227-737-9