Predominant national and selected regional or minority scripts |
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Alphabetical |
Abjad |
Abugida |
Brahmic scripts |
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The Brahmic script and its descendants |
The Brahmic scripts are a family of abugida writing systems. They are used throughout the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and parts of East Asia, including Japan in the form of Siddha?. They have descended from the Brahmi script of ancient India and are used by various languages in several language families in South, East and Southeast Asia: Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, Mongolic, Austroasiatic, Austronesian and Tai. They were also the source of the dictionary order (goj?on) of Japanese kana.[1]
Brahmic scripts descended from the Brahmi script. Brahmi is clearly attested from the 3rd century BC during the reign of Ashoka, who used the script for imperial edicts, but there are some claims of earlier epigraphy found on pottery in South India and Sri Lanka. The most reliable of these were short Brahmi inscriptions dated to the 4th century BC and published by Coningham et al. (1996).[2] Northern Brahmi gave rise to the Gupta script during the Gupta period, which in turn diversified into a number of cursives during the medieval period. Notable examples of such medieval scripts, developed by the 7th or 8th century, include Nagari, Siddham and Sharada.
The Siddha? script was especially important in Buddhism, as many sutras were written in it. The art of Siddham calligraphy survives today in Japan. The syllabic nature and dictionary order of the modern kana system of Japanese writing is believed to be descended from the Indic scripts, most likely through the spread of Buddhism.[3]
Southern Brahmi evolved into the Old Kannada, Pallava and Vatteluttu scripts, which in turn diversified into other scripts of South India and Southeast Asia.
The present Telugu script is derived from the Kannada-Telugu script, also known as "Old Kannada script", owing to its similarity to the same.[4]
A fragment of Ashoka's 6th pillar edict, in Brahmi, the ancestor of all Brahmic scripts
Some characteristics, which are present in most but not all the scripts, are:
Below are comparison charts of several of the major Indic scripts, organised on the principle that glyphs in the same column all derive from the same Brahmi glyph. Accordingly:
The transliteration is indicated in ISO 15919.
ISO[a] | ka | kha | ga | gha | ?a | ca | cha | ja | jha | ña | ?a | ?ha | ?a | ?ha | ?a | ta | tha | da | dha | na | ?a | pa | pha | ba | bha | ma | ya | ?a | ra | ?a | la | ?a | ?a | va | ?a | ?a | sa | ha |
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Assamese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||
Bengali | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||
Sylheti Nagari | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||
Devanagari | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
Gujarati | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||
Odia | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||
Gurmukhi | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||
Meitei Mayek[b] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||
Tibetan | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||
Lepcha | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||
Limbu | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||
Tirhuta | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||
Kaithi | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||
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Middle Brahmi | ![]() |
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Late Brahmi | ![]() |
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Tocharian | ![]() |
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Telugu | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Kannada | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Sinhala | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||
Malayalam | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
Grantham | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||
Tamil | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||
Chakma[c] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||
Burmese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? / ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Khmer | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||
Thai | ? | ?,?[d] | ?,?[d] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ?,?[d] | ? | ? | ?,[d]? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ?,[d]? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ?,[d]? | ?,?[d] | ?,?[d] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ?,?[d] | ||||
Lao | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||
Cham | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||
Balinese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||
Javanese[e] | ? | ?[e] | ? | ?[e] | ? | ? | ?[e] | ? | ?[e] | ? | ? | ?[e] | ? | ?[e] | ?[e] | ? | ?[e] | ? | ?[e] | ? | ? | ? | ?[e] | ? | ?[e] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ?[e] | ?[e] | ? | ? | ||||
Sundanese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||
Lontara | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rejang | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||
Batak (Toba) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ?/? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Baybayin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buhid | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanunuo | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tagbanwa | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISO | ka | kha | ga | gha | ?a | ca | cha | ja | jha | ña | ?a | ?ha | ?a | ?ha | ?a | ta | tha | da | dha | na | ?a | pa | pha | ba | bha | ma | ya | ?a | ra | ?a | la | ?a | ?a | va | ?a | ?a | sa | ha |
Vowels are presented in their independent form on the left of each column, and in their corresponding dependent form (vowel sign) combined with the consonant k on the right. A glyph for ka is an independent consonant letter itself without any vowel sign, where the vowel a is inherent.
ISO | a | ? | ê | ô | i | ? | u | ? | e | ? | ai | o | ? | au | r? | r [a] | l? [a] | l [a] | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||
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a | ka | ? | k? | ê | kê | ô | kô | i | ki | ? | k? | u | ku | ? | k? | e | ke | ? | k? | ai | kai | o | ko | ? | k? | au | kau | r? | kr? | r | kr | l? | kl? | l | kl | ? | k? | ? | k? | k | |
Assamese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | , | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bengali | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | , | |||||||||||||||||||||
Devanagari | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | , | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gujarati | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | , | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Odia | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gurmukhi | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Meitei Mayek[b] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tibetan | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lepcha | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Limbu | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tirhuta | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kaithi | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sylheti Nagari | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brahmi | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Telugu | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kannada | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sinhala | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Malayalam | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | , | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tamil | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chakma | ? | ? | ?, | ?, | ?, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Burmese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khmer[c] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thai[d] | ? () | ? () | () | () | () | () | () | () | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | (?) | (?) | (?/) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lao[d] | , | / | ?/ | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cham | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balinese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Javanese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sundanese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lontara | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rejang | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Batak (Toba) | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baybayin | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Buhid | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanunuo | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tagbanwa | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISO | a | ka | ? | k? | ê | kê | ô | kô | i | ki | ? | k? | u | ku | ? | k? | e | ke | ? | k? | ai | kai | o | ko | ? | k? | au | kau | r? | kr? | r | kr | l? | kl? | l | kl | ? | k? | ? | k? | k |
a | ? | ê | ô | i | ? | u | ? | e | ? | ai | o | ? | au | r? | r | l? | l | ? | ? |
Hindu-Arabic | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
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Brahmi numbers | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
Brahmi digits | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Assamese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Bengali | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Tirhuta | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Odia | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Devanagari | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Gujarati | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Gurmukhi | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Meitei (Manipuri) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Tibetan | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mongolian[a] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Lepcha | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Limbu | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Sinhala astrological numbers | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Sinhala archaic numbers | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
Telugu | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Kannada | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Malayalam | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Tamil | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Saurashtra | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Ahom | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Chakma | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Burmese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Shan | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Khmer | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Thai | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Lao | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Cham | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Tai Tham[b] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Tai Tham (Hora)[c] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
New Tai Lue | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Balinese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Javanese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Sundanese | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Hindu-Arabic | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
The Brahmi script was already divided into regional variants at the time of the earliest surviving epigraphy around the 3rd century BC. Cursives of the Brahmi script began to diversify further from around the 5th century AD and continued to give rise to new scripts throughout the Middle Ages. The main division in antiquity was between northern and southern Brahmi. In the northern group, the Gupta script was very influential, and in the southern group the Vatteluttu and Old-Kannada/Pallava scripts with the spread of Buddhism sent Brahmic scripts throughout Southeast Asia.
As of Unicode version 13.0, the following Brahmic scripts have been encoded:
script | derivation | period of derivation | usage notes | ISO 15924 | Unicode range(s) | sample |
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Ahom | Burmese[5] | 13th century | Extinct Ahom language | Ahom | U+11700-U+1173F | |
Balinese | Kawi | 11th century | Balinese language | Bali | U+1B00-U+1B7F | |
Batak | Pallava | 14th century | Batak languages | Batk | U+1BC0-U+1BFF | ? |
Baybayin | Kawi | 14th century | Tagalog, other Philippine languages | Tglg | U+1700-U+171F | |
Bengali-Assamese | Siddha? | 11th century | Assamese language (Assamese script variant), Bengali language (Bengali script variant), Bishnupriya Manipuri, Maithili, Angika | Beng | U+0980-U+09FF |
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Bhaiksuki | Gupta | 11th century | Was used around the turn of the first millennium for writing Sanskrit | Bhks | U+11C00-U+11C6F | |
Buhid | Kawi | 14th century | Buhid language | Buhd | U+1740-U+175F | |
Burmese | Pyu | 11th century | Burmese language, numerous modifications for other languages including Chakma, Eastern and Western Pwo Karen, Geba Karen, Kayah, Mon, Rumai Palaung, S'gaw Karen, Shan | Mymr | U+1000-U+109F, U+A9E0-U+A9FF, U+AA60-U+AA7F | |
Chakma | Burmese | 8th century | Chakma language | Cakm | U+11100-U+1114F | |
Cham | Pallava | 8th century | Cham language | Cham | U+AA00-U+AA5F | |
Devanagari | Nagari | 13th century | Numerous Indo-Aryan languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, Nepal Bhasa and sometimes Sindhi and Kashmiri. Formerly used to write Gujarati. Sometimes used to write or transliterate Sherpa | Deva | U+0900-U+097F, U+A8E0-U+A8FF | |
Dhives Akuru | Grantha | Was used to write the Maldivian language up until the 20th century.[6] | Diak | U+11900-U+1195F | ||
Dogra | Takri | Was used to write Dogri. Dogra script is closely related to Takri.[7] | Dogr | U+11800-U+1184F | ||
Grantha | Pallava | 6th century | Restricted use in traditional Vedic schools to write Sanskrit. Was widely used by Tamil speakers for Sanskrit and the classical language Manipravalam. | Gran | U+11300-U+1137F | |
Gujarati | Nagari | 17th century | Gujarati language, Kutchi language | Gujr | U+0A80-U+0AFF | ? ? |
Gunjala Gondi | 16th century | Used for writing the Adilabad dialect of the Gondi language.[8] | Gong | U+11D60-U+11DAF | ||
Gurmukhi | Sharada | 16th century | Punjabi language | Guru | U+0A00-U+0A7F | ? |
Hanunó'o | Kawi | 14th century | Hanuno'o language | Hano | U+1720-U+173F | |
Javanese | Kawi | 16th century | Javanese language, Sundanese language, Madurese language | Java | U+A980-U+A9DF | ? |
Kaithi | Nagari | 16th century | Historically used for writing legal, administrative, and private records. | Kthi | U+11080-U+110CF | ? |
Kannada | Telugu-Kannada | 9th century | Kannada language, Konkani language Tulu, Badaga, Kodava, Beary others | Knda | U+0C80-U+0CFF | |
Khmer | Pallava | 11th century | Khmer language | Khmr | U+1780-U+17FF, U+19E0-U+19FF | ? |
Khojki | Landa | 16th century | Some use by Ismaili communities. Was used by the Khoja community for Muslim religious literature. | Khoj | U+11200-U+1124F | |
Khudawadi | Landa | 16th century | Was used by Sindhi communities for correspondence and business records. | Sind | U+112B0-U+112FF | |
Lao | Khmer | 14th century | Lao language, others | Laoo | U+0E80-U+0EFF | |
Lepcha | Tibetan | 8th century | Lepcha language | Lepc | U+1C00-U+1C4F | |
Limbu | Lepcha | 9th century | Limbu language | Limb | U+1900-U+194F | ? |
Lontara | Kawi | 17th century | Buginese language, others | Bugi | U+1A00-U+1A1F | ? |
Mahajani | Landa | 16th century | Historically used in northern India for writing accounts and financial records. | Mahj | U+11150-U+1117F | |
Makasar | Kawi | Was used in South Sulawesi, Indonesia for writing the Makassarese language.[9] Makasar script is also known as "Old Makassarese" or "Makassarese bird script" in English-language scholarly works.[10] | Maka | U+11EE0-U+11EFF | ||
Malayalam | Grantha | 12th century | Malayalam language | Mlym | U+0D00-U+0D7F | |
Marchen | Tibetan | 7th century | Was used in the Tibetan Bön tradition to write the extinct Zhang-Zhung language | Marc | U+11C70-U+11CBF | |
Meetei Mayek | Siddha? | 17th century | Historically used for the Meitei language. Some modern usage. | Mtei | U+AAE0-U+AAFF, U+ABC0-U+ABFF | ? ? |
Modi | Devanagari | 17th century | Was used to write the Marathi language | Modi | U+11600-U+1165F | ? |
Multani | Landa | Was used to write the Multani language | Mult | U+11280-U+112AF | ||
Nandinagari | N?gar? | 7th century | Historically used to write Sanskrit in southern India | Nand | U+119A0-U+119FF | |
New Tai Lue | Tai Tham | 1950s | Tai Lü language | Talu | U+1980-U+19DF | ? |
Odia | Siddha? | 13th century | Odia language | Orya | U+0B00-U+0B7F | |
'Phags-Pa | Tibetan | 13th century | Historically used during the Mongol Yuan dynasty. | Phag | U+A840-U+A87F | ? ? |
Prachalit (Newa) | Nepal | Has been used for writing the Sanskrit, Nepali, Hindi, Bengali, and Maithili languages | Newa | U+11400-U+1147F | ? | |
Rejang | Kawi | 18th century | Rejang language, mostly obsolete | Rjng | U+A930-U+A95F | ? |
Saurashtra | Grantha | 20th century | Saurashtra language, mostly obsolete | Saur | U+A880-U+A8DF | ? |
Sharada | Gupta | 8th century | Was used for writing Sanskrit and Kashmiri | Shrd | U+11180-U+111DF | |
Siddham | Gupta | 7th century | Was used for writing Sanskrit | Sidd | U+11580-U+115FF | |
Sinhala | Brahmi[11] | 4th century[12] | Sinhala language | Sinh | U+0D80-U+0DFF, U+111E0-U+111FF | |
Sundanese | Kawi | 14th century | Sundanese language | Sund | U+1B80-U+1BBF, U+1CC0-U+1CCF | |
Sylheti Nagari | Nagari | 16th century | Historically used for writing the Sylheti language | Sylo | U+A800-U+A82F | |
Tagbanwa | Kawi | 14th century | various languages of Palawan, nearly extinct | Tagb | U+1760-U+177F | ? |
Tai Le | Mon | 13th century | Tai Nüa language | Tale | U+1950-U+197F | ? |
Tai Tham | Mon | 13th century | Northern Thai language, Tai Lü language, Khün language | Lana | U+1A20-U+1AAF | |
Tai Viet | Thai | 16th century | Tai Dam language | Tavt | U+AA80-U+AADF | ? |
Takri | Sharada | 16th century | Was used for writing Chambeali, and other languages | Takr | U+11680-U+116CF | |
Tamil | Pallava | 5th century CE[13] | Tamil language | Taml | U+0B80-U+0BFF, U+11FC0-U+11FFF | ? |
Telugu | Telugu-Kannada | 5th century | Telugu language | Telu | U+0C00-U+0C7F | ? |
Thai | Khmer | 13th century | Thai language | Thai | U+0E00-U+0E7F | |
Tibetan | Gupta | 8th century | Tibetan language, Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language | Tibt | U+0F00-U+0FFF | |
Tirhuta | Siddham | 13th century | Historically used for the Maithili language | Tirh | U+11480-U+114DF | ? |