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2021 Formula One World Championship
72nd running of the Formula One World Championship
The following constructors and drivers are currently under contract to compete in the 2021 World Championship. All teams will compete with tyres supplied by Pirelli.[3] Each team is required to enter at least two drivers, one for each of the two mandatory cars.[4][5]
Four-time World Drivers' Champion Sebastian Vettel left Ferrari at the end of the 2020 Championship after racing with the team for six seasons.[45] Vettel's seat will be taken by Carlos Sainz Jr., who left McLaren.[24]Daniel Ricciardo moved from Renault to McLaren, where he replaced Sainz.[32] Ricciardo will be replaced by double World Champion Fernando Alonso, who will drive in Alpine's first season, having last raced in 2018 for McLaren.[16]
Vettel is due to move to Aston Martin, where he replaces Sergio Pérez.[21][46] Pérez, who had previously signed a contract to drive for Aston Martin's predessor, Racing Point, until 2022,[47] is due to move to Red Bull Racing where he replaces Alex Albon. Albon is due to be Red Bull Racing's reserve and test driver for the 2021 season.[38] Pérez is set to become the first driver since Mark Webber in 2007 to join the team without being previously a Red Bull Junior Team member.[48]
The 2021 calendar consists of twenty-three events, subject to the confirmation of the third round due to take place in May, the reinstatement of the suspended São Paulo Grand Prix contract,[51] the confirmation of the revised calendar by the FIA World Motor Sport Council, and permissive COVID-19 regulations set by local governments and Formula One Group.
Liberty Media, the sport's commercial rights holders, announced that there would be scope for the 2021 calendar to expand beyond the planned twenty-two races of the 2020 calendar.[55] The sporting regulations were amended to allow for a maximum of twenty-five Grands Prix per year.[56]
The Dutch Grand Prix is due to be revived,[57] with the race scheduled to take place at the Circuit Zandvoort.[58][59] The race will mark the first time the Dutch Grand Prix has been run since 1985. The Dutch Grand Prix had been included on the 2020 calendar, but was cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[60]
The Saudi Arabian Grand Prix is due to make its debut, with a night race to be held on a temporary circuit in the city of Jeddah.[61] Further plans to move the Grand Prix to Qiddiya in 2023 were also made public.[62][63] The race is scheduled to take place at night, the third venue to host a night race after the Singapore and Bahrain Grands Prix.[h]
The Vietnamese Grand Prix would have made its debut, with the race scheduled to take place in the capital Hanoi on the Hanoi Street Circuit. The Vietnamese Grand Prix had been included on the 2020 calendar, but was cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[64] The Grand Prix was dropped from the 2021 calendar because of the arrest on corruption charges of a Hanoi's People's Committee Chairman Nguyen Duc Chung, a key official responsible for organising the race.[65]
Further changes to the calendar are planned following the disruption to the 2020 championship brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic:
The 70th Anniversary, Eifel, Portuguese, Sakhir, Styrian, Turkish and Tuscan Grands Prix are not included in the list of 2021 planned races. These Grands Prix were specifically introduced into the 2020 calendar in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to ensure that as many races as possible could be held.[75]
The 2021 championship was due to introduce significant changes to the regulations, including the sport's governance, car designs and the sporting rules but these were delayed in March 2020 in response to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[79] These rule changes will instead be introduced in 2022.[80]
Financial regulation
The championship is due to introduce a budget cap, with teams limited to spending a maximum of $145 million per year.[81][82][i] Teams will be required to use more commercially available materials and to submit their annual expenditure.[83] Some teams argued to further reduce the budget cap to $100 million, citing concerns that the long-term financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic threatens the future of as many as four teams.[84][85] Formula One managing director Ross Brawn stated that the sport's intention is to reduce the budget cap further in the coming years.[82]
The value of the budget cap is set for twenty-one races; each additional race increases the budget cap by $1 million, and vice versa: each race removed from the scheduled twenty-one race calendar deducts the budget cap by $1 million.[86] However, the budget cap does not include marketing budget, driver's salary and the salaries of the team's top three executives. There will be additional restrictions put in place dictating how prize money can be spent.[87] The cap will only apply to expenditure related to car performance, which will remain in place until 2026.[86] In the event that a team breaks the financial regulations, the team can be penalised in a combination of three separate ways. For a procedural violation teams will be fined on a case-by-case basis. Teams can be given a range of punishments for exceeding their annual budget which include being deducted championship points, having reduced testing time, a race ban, or--for the most severe cases--disqualification from the championship.[86]
Technical regulations
Teams will be limited in what components can be modified for the 2021 season,[88] with this requirement introduced to ease financial pressures on teams brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.[89] However, some changes will be mandated by the FIA, including adjustments to outer floor that are designed to reduce downforce levels.[90] Teams can also apply for special dispensation to make changes, most notably in the case of McLaren who were given permission to modify their car to accommodate the switch from Renault to Mercedes engines.[91] This prompted the FIA to introduce a token system whereby teams will be given a series of tokens which can be exchanged for the introduction of specific component upgrades.[92][93]
The "dual-axis steering" system developed by Mercedes in 2020 is banned starting from 2021.[94] The dual-axis steering system allows the driver to adjust the toe of the front wheels to optimise mechanical grip by pulling or pushing on the steering wheel.[95]
Sporting regulations
Teams will be required to allow a driver who has competed in fewer than two Grands Prix to replace one of their race drivers in a Friday practice session over the course of the season. Whilst these rules are intended to give a chance to more non-Formula One drivers to test a Formula One car, the wording of this rule means that teams satisfy the requirement if one of their regular drivers is in their rookie season.[96][97]
Following Mercedes' tyre error during the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix, where George Russell was given front tyres allocated to Valtteri Bottas during a pit stop, the FIA has adjusted the rules on tyre usage; drivers using mixed compound sets or using sets allocated to another driver on their cars will be permitted to complete two laps before the driver must pit to correct the error before facing a penalty. Under the previous rules, drivers could be disqualified as soon as such error had occurred.[98]
The race time limit for red flagged races will also be reduced from 4 hours to 3 hours.[99]
Race weekend structure
For the 2021 season the schedule of a race weekend is due to be revised. Under the pre-existing regulations a race weekend spans four days with the Thursday before the race being reserved for media and promotional events and scrutineering; however, under the new regulations all of Thursday's events will be moved to the Friday morning with the times between Friday's activities being reduced. Cars will be under parc fermé conditions following the end of free practice three instead of qualifying, further restricting teams and drivers making major changes to setups ahead of the race.[100]
The 2021 W Series for female drivers has been added to the list of support racing series alongside Formula 2, Formula 3 and Porsche Supercup. The 2021 W Series season will start at Circuit Paul Ricard where it will be a support event for the French Grand Prix in late June and will end in Mexico City in late October, supporting the debut of the Mexico City Grand Prix.[101]Formula 2 and Formula 3 will support Formula One on alternate weekends, rather than the same ones as a cost saving measure.[102]
Notes
^In the history of Formula One, Formula One regulations were first introduced during the 1946 Grand Prix season. These were adopted for every race in 1948, and were formally organised into a Championship in 1950.
^Lewis Hamilton is currently listed on the provisional 2021 entry list as driving for Mercedes, but he has not signed a formal contract to drive for the team yet.[35]
^Grand Prix subject to the reinstatement of the contract between race organisers and the Formula One Group.
^Teams had originally agreed to a budget cap of $175 million per year,[83] but this figure was revised to $145 million in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[81][82]