Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• ? (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character

Stroke order

See images of
Radical 86 ?

? (radical 86, ?+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input ? (F), four-corner 9080₀, composition ???(GJKV) or ???(HT))

1. Kangxi radical #86, ?.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/?
• ? (?)
• ?

References

• KangXi: page 665, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
• Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2187, character 1
• Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character ?
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram () - pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (Schuessler 2007; STEDT). However, see there for phonological problems.

Pronunciation

Definitions

?

1. fire; flame

   ?????? [MSC, trad.]
   ?????? [MSC, simp.]

   K?y? g?n n? jiè y?ge hu? ma? [Pinyin]

   Can I borrow a light?

2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
4. to burn down
5. light; torch
6. (dialectal) light; lamp
7. anger; rage; wrath
8. to become enraged
9. angry; furious
10. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
11. firearm; ammunition; weapon
12. war; warfare
13. thriving; brisk
14. urgent; pressing
15. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
16. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)

    Synonyms: (w?tè), ? (w?)

    20?? / 20?? [Cantonese]  -  20 fo² ge³ dang¹ daam² [Jyutping]  -  20-watt lightbulb

17. Short for (Hu?x?ng, "Mars").
18. (Cantonese) roasted

    Synonyms: ? (k?o), ?/? (sh?o)

    ?? / ?? [Cantonese]  -  fo² aap³ [Jyutping]  -  roasted duck

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 "Ky?iku" kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ? (ka, J?y?) ^{(kwa, historical)}
• Kan-on: ? (ka, J?y?) ^{(kwa, historical)}
• T?-on: ? (ko)
• Kun: ? (hi, ?, J?y?); ? (ho, ?, J?y? ⁺)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

?

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Fire

Wikipedia

? (hi, ho, ka): fire.

?pi₂? -> */p/ -> /?i/ -> /hi/

From Old Japanese,^[1] from Proto-Japonic *poy.

Apophonic form of ho (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle ? (i). Compare the development of ? (ko -> ki, "tree").

Alternative forms

• (light): ?

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) ?​ [hí?] (Atamadaka - [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [çi]

Noun

?(?) o (hi) 

1. term relating to fire:
   1. a flame

      Synonyms: (kaki), ? (faia), ? (hon?)

   2. cooking fire
   3. a firestarter
   4. sparks
   5. light (matches or lighter)

      ?(?)??(?)?

      Hi o kashite moraeru?

      Can I borrow a light?

   6. heat

      Synonyms: (kanetsu), ? (netsu)

   7. a conflagration

      Synonyms: (kasai), (kaji)

   8. a signal fire

      Synonym: (noroshi)

2. (by extension) a light
3. a burning passion
4. menstruation

   Synonym: (gekkei)

Derived terms

Idioms

• ?(?)??(?)??() (hi o miru yori mo akiraka, "clearer than seeing the fire -> as plain as day, as plain as the nose on one's face, as clear as a bell")

Etymology 2

/po/ -> /?o/ -> /ho/

From Old Japanese.^[1]

Combining form of hi above. Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean ? (bul, "fire").

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [ho?]

Noun

?(?) o (ho) 

1. a fire

Derived terms

Etymology 3

? (ka): fire in the Wu Xing system

? (Ka): Antares in the Scorpio constellation

/kwa/ -> /ka/

From Middle Chinese ? (MC hu?^X).^[1]

Pronunciation

• On'yomi
• (Tokyo) ?​ [ká?] (Atamadaka - [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ka?]

Noun

?(?) o (ka)  (historical kana )

1. a fire
2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
3. (historical) under the old (Ritsury?) system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad

   Synonym: (buntai)

4. Short for (kay?bi): Tuesday

Derived terms

• ?(?) (f?rinkazan)

Affix

?(?) o (ka)  (historical kana )

1. fire
2. light
3. burning
4. passion
5. imminently
6. explosive

Proper noun

?(?) o (Ka)  (historical kana )

1. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio

   Synonyms: (Antaresu), (Taika)

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese ? (MC hu?^X).

Pronunciation

• (in (, hwayo, "Tuesday")):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [?wa?]
  • Phonetic hangeul: [?]
• (fire; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [?wa?:]
  • Phonetic hangeul: [?:]
    • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

?

Wikisource

? (eumhun ? ? (bul hwa))

1. Hanja form^? of ? ("fire; heat; light").
2. Hanja form^? of ? ("burning fire").
3. Hanja form^? of ? ("conflagration; fire").
4. Hanja form^? of ? ("yang (in contrast to yin); (figuratively) sun").
5. Hanja form^? of ? ("club; group; party").
6. Hanja form^? of ? ("companion").
7. Hanja form^? of ? ("an analogy of urgency").
8. Hanja form^? of ? ("to burn; set something on fire").
9. Hanja form^? of ? ("(as an abbreviation) Mars").
10. Hanja form^? of ? ("(as an abbreviation) Tuesday").

Compounds

References

• ( ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, ?/?. [1]

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *poy.

Apophonic form of po (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle ? (i₍₂₎).

Compare the development of ? (ko₂ -> ki₂, "tree").

Noun

? (pi₂) (kana ?)

1. a fire
   • 711-712, Kojiki (poem 24)

     ???

     sanesasi Sagamu no₂ wono₁ ni mo₁yuru pi₂ no₂ ponaka ni tatite to₁pi₁si ki₁mi₁ pa mo₂

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (by extension) a light

Derived terms

• (pi₂ no₂ kami₂, "fire deity")
• (asipi₂, "fire using dried reeds as kindling or fuel")

Descendants

• Japanese: ? (hi), ? (hi)

Etymology 2

Combining form of pi₂ above, probably the older form.

Noun

? (po) (kana ?)

1. a fire

Derived terms

• ? (potaru, "firefly")
• (po no₂ kami₂, "fire deity")
• ? (pono₂po, "flame")

Descendants

• Japanese: ? (ho)

Etymology 3

Appears in only one poem in the Man'y?sh? (c. 759 C.E.) as a compound, see derived term (asipu).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: "Eastern OJP variant of hypothetical *?po₂??")

Noun

? (pu) (kana ?)

1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a fire

Derived terms

• (Puzi, "Mount Fuji")
• (asipu, "fire using dried reeds as kindling or fuel")

Vietnamese

Han character

?: Hán Vi?t readings: h?a/ho?^[1][2][3]
?: Nôm readings: h?a/ho?^[2][3][4][5], ?a/o?^[1]

1. Hán t? form of ho? ("fire").

Compounds

• (h?a ho?n/ho? ho?n)

References